What is meant by "information operations" in an LSCO context?

In the context of Large-Scale Combat Operations (LSCO), "information operations" refer to actions taken to convey and manipulate information to influence perceptions, decisions, and behavior of adversaries and allies alike. This encompasses a range of activities, including psychological operations, electronic warfare, operations security, and public affairs, all aimed at achieving a specific strategic outcome. The focus is on leveraging information as a critical asset in warfare, shaping the operational environment, and gaining an advantage over competitors.

The reason this understanding is crucial in LSCO is that information can determine the effectiveness of military actions by shaping narratives, countering misinformation, and fostering support both domestically and internationally.

The other choices do not capture the full scope of what information operations entail within LSCO. While cybersecurity is important, it is just one aspect of overall information operations rather than the sole focus. Similarly, physical operations to secure information posts emphasize physical security and infrastructure rather than the broader strategic implications of using information in warfare. Establishing communication with civilian groups can be part of information operations, particularly in psychological and civil affairs aspects, but it does not encompass the entire field of information operations, which is much wider and focuses on both influencing and defending against information across diverse domains.